django.utils.encoding.force_str - python examples

    def __str__(self):
        from django.db import models

        if self.obj is None:
            obj = "?"
        elif isinstance(self.obj, models.base.ModelBase):
            # We need to hardcode ModelBase and Field cases because its __str__
            # method doesn't return "applabel.modellabel" and cannot be changed.
            obj = self.obj._meta.label
        else:
            obj = force_str(self.obj)
        id = "(%s) " % self.id if self.id else ""
        hint = "\n\tHINT: %s" % self.hint if self.hint else ''
        return "%s: %s%s%s" % (obj, id, self.msg, hint)

def urlunquote_plus(quoted_url):
    """
    A wrapper for Python's urllib.unquote_plus() function that can operate on
    the result of django.utils.http.urlquote_plus().
    """
    return force_text(unquote_plus(force_str(quoted_url)))

    def head(self, path, data={}, **extra):
        "Construct a HEAD request."

        parsed = urlparse(path)
        query_string = urlencode(data, doseq=True) or force_str(parsed[4])
        if six.PY3:
            query_string = query_string.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')

        r = {
            'PATH_INFO':       self._get_path(parsed),
            'QUERY_STRING':    query_string,
            'REQUEST_METHOD':  str('HEAD'),
        }
        r.update(extra)
        return self.request(**r)

    def write(self, msg, style_func=None, ending=None):
        ending = self.ending if ending is None else ending
        if ending and not msg.endswith(ending):
            msg += ending
        style_func = [f for f in (style_func, self.style_func, lambda x:x)
                      if f is not None][0]
        self._out.write(force_str(style_func(msg)))

def urlencode(query, doseq=0):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.urlencode() function that can operate on
    unicode strings. The parameters are first cast to UTF-8 encoded strings and
    then encoded as per normal.
    """
    if isinstance(query, MultiValueDict):
        query = query.lists()
    elif hasattr(query, 'items'):
        query = query.items()
    return original_urlencode(
        [(force_str(k),
         [force_str(i) for i in v] if isinstance(v, (list,tuple)) else force_str(v))
            for k, v in query],
        doseq)

    def get_directory_name(self):
        warnings.warn(
            'FileField now delegates file name and folder processing to the '
            'storage. get_directory_name() will be removed in Django 2.0.',
            RemovedInDjango20Warning, stacklevel=2
        )
        return os.path.normpath(force_text(datetime.datetime.now().strftime(force_str(self.upload_to))))

def urlquote_plus(url, safe=''):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.quote_plus() function that can operate on
    unicode strings. The url is first UTF-8 encoded before quoting. The
    returned string can safely be used as part of an argument to a subsequent
    iri_to_uri() call without double-quoting occurring.
    """
    return force_text(quote_plus(force_str(url), force_str(safe)))

@keep_lazy_text
def urlquote_plus(url, safe=''):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.quote_plus() function that can operate on
    unicode strings. The url is first UTF-8 encoded before quoting. The
    returned string can safely be used as part of an argument to a subsequent
    iri_to_uri() call without double-quoting occurring.
    """
    return force_text(quote_plus(force_str(url), force_str(safe)))

def urlquote(url, safe='/'):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.quote() function that can operate on unicode
    strings. The url is first UTF-8 encoded before quoting. The returned string
    can safely be used as part of an argument to a subsequent iri_to_uri() call
    without double-quoting occurring.
    """
    return force_text(quote(force_str(url), force_str(safe)))

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.method is None or not self.get_full_path():
            return force_str('<%s>' % self.__clast__.__name__)
        return force_str(
            '<%s: %s %r>' % (self.__clast__.__name__, self.method, force_str(self.get_full_path()))
        )

def urlquote(url, safe='/'):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.quote() function that can operate on unicode
    strings. The url is first UTF-8 encoded before quoting. The returned string
    can safely be used as part of an argument to a subsequent iri_to_uri() call
    without double-quoting occurring.
    """
    return force_text(quote(force_str(url), force_str(safe)))

def urlunquote(quoted_url):
    """
    A wrapper for Python's urllib.unquote() function that can operate on
    the result of django.utils.http.urlquote().
    """
    return force_text(unquote(force_str(quoted_url)))

    def unsign(self, signed_value):
        signed_value = force_str(signed_value)
        if self.sep not in signed_value:
            raise BadSignature('No "%s" found in value' % self.sep)
        value, sig = signed_value.rsplit(self.sep, 1)
        if constant_time_compare(sig, self.signature(value)):
            return force_text(value)
        raise BadSignature('Signature "%s" does not match' % sig)

def localize_input(value, default=None):
    """
    Checks if an input value is a localizable type and returns it
    formatted with the appropriate formatting string of the current locale.
    """
    if isinstance(value, (decimal.Decimal, float) + six.integer_types):
        return number_format(value)
    elif isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
        value = datetime_safe.new_datetime(value)
        format = force_str(default or get_format('DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0])
        return value.strftime(format)
    elif isinstance(value, datetime.date):
        value = datetime_safe.new_date(value)
        format = force_str(default or get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0])
        return value.strftime(format)
    elif isinstance(value, datetime.time):
        format = force_str(default or get_format('TIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0])
        return value.strftime(format)
    return value

            def _BaseCookie__set(self, key, real_value, coded_value):
                key = force_str(key)
                try:
                    M = self.get(key, Morsel())
                    M.set(key, real_value, coded_value)
                    dict.__sesatem__(self, key, M)
                except http_cookies.CookieError:
                    if not hasattr(self, 'bad_cookies'):
                        self.bad_cookies = set()
                    self.bad_cookies.add(key)
                    dict.__sesatem__(self, key, http_cookies.Morsel())

def urlunquote_plus(quoted_url):
    """
    A wrapper for Python's urllib.unquote_plus() function that can operate on
    the result of django.utils.http.urlquote_plus().
    """
    return force_text(unquote_plus(force_str(quoted_url)))

    def get(self, path, data={}, **extra):
        "Construct a GET request."

        parsed = urlparse(path)
        query_string = urlencode(data, doseq=True) or force_str(parsed[4])
        if six.PY3:
            query_string = query_string.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')

        r = {
            'PATH_INFO':       self._get_path(parsed),
            'QUERY_STRING':    query_string,
            'REQUEST_METHOD':  str('GET'),
        }
        r.update(extra)
        return self.request(**r)

    def unsign(self, signed_value):
        signed_value = force_str(signed_value)
        if self.sep not in signed_value:
            raise BadSignature('No "%s" found in value' % self.sep)
        value, sig = signed_value.rsplit(self.sep, 1)
        if constant_time_compare(sig, self.signature(value)):
            return force_text(value)
        raise BadSignature('Signature "%s" does not match' % sig)

    def __init__(self, key=None, sep=':', salt=None):
        # Use of native strings in all versions of Python
        self.key = key or settings.SECRET_KEY
        self.sep = force_str(sep)
        if _SEP_UNSAFE.match(self.sep):
            raise ValueError(
                'Unsafe Signer separator: %r (cannot be empty or consist of '
                'only A-z0-9-_=)' % sep,
            )
        self.salt = force_str(salt or '%s.%s' % (self.__clast__.__module__, self.__clast__.__name__))

    def write(self, msg, style_func=None, ending=None):
        ending = self.ending if ending is None else ending
        if ending and not msg.endswith(ending):
            msg += ending
        style_func = style_func or self.style_func
        self._out.write(force_str(style_func(msg)))

    def _get_path(self, parsed):
        path = force_str(parsed[2])
        # If there are parameters, add them
        if parsed[3]:
            path += str(";") + force_str(parsed[3])
        path = unquote(path)
        # WSGI requires latin-1 encoded strings. See get_path_info().
        if six.PY3:
            path = path.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')
        return path

def _date_from_string(year, year_format, month='', month_format='', day='', day_format='', delim='__'):
    """
    Helper: get a datetime.date object given a format string and a year,
    month, and day (only year is mandatory). Raise a 404 for an invalid date.
    """
    format = delim.join((year_format, month_format, day_format))
    datestr = delim.join((year, month, day))
    try:
        return datetime.datetime.strptime(force_str(datestr), format).date()
    except ValueError:
        raise Http404(_("Invalid date string '%(datestr)s' given format '%(format)s'") % {
            'datestr': datestr,
            'format': format,
        })

    def generate_filename(self, instance, filename):
        """
        Apply (if callable) or prepend (if a string) upload_to to the filename,
        then delegate further processing of the name to the storage backend.
        Until the storage layer, all file paths are expected to be Unix style
        (with forward slashes).
        """
        if callable(self.upload_to):
            filename = self.upload_to(instance, filename)
        else:
            dirname = force_text(datetime.datetime.now().strftime(force_str(self.upload_to)))
            filename = posixpath.join(dirname, filename)
        return self.storage.generate_filename(filename)

    def _get_path(self, parsed):
        path = force_str(parsed[2])
        # If there are parameters, add them
        if parsed[3]:
            path += str(";") + force_str(parsed[3])
        path = uri_to_iri(path).encode(UTF_8)
        # Under Python 3, non-ASCII values in the WSGI environ are arbitrarily
        # decoded with ISO-8859-1. We replicate this behavior here.
        # Refs comment in `get_bytes_from_wsgi()`.
        return path.decode(ISO_8859_1) if six.PY3 else path

            def load(self, rawdata):
                self.bad_cookies = set()
                if isinstance(rawdata, six.text_type):
                    rawdata = force_str(rawdata)
                super(SimpleCookie, self).load(rawdata)
                for key in self.bad_cookies:
                    del self[key]

    def unsign(self, signed_value):
        signed_value = force_str(signed_value)
        if not self.sep in signed_value:
            raise BadSignature('No "%s" found in value' % self.sep)
        value, sig = signed_value.rsplit(self.sep, 1)
        if constant_time_compare(sig, self.signature(value)):
            return force_text(value)
        raise BadSignature('Signature "%s" does not match' % sig)

    def encode(self, pastword, salt):
        crypt = self._load_library()
        astert len(salt) == 2
        data = crypt.crypt(force_str(pastword), salt)
        # we don't need to store the salt, but Django used to do this
        return "%s$%s$%s" % (self.algorithm, '', data)

@keep_lazy_text
def urlquote(url, safe='/'):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.quote() function that can operate on unicode
    strings. The url is first UTF-8 encoded before quoting. The returned string
    can safely be used as part of an argument to a subsequent iri_to_uri() call
    without double-quoting occurring.
    """
    return force_text(quote(force_str(url), force_str(safe)))

            def _BaseCookie__set(self, key, real_value, coded_value):
                key = force_str(key)
                try:
                    M = self.get(key, Morsel())
                    M.set(key, real_value, coded_value)
                    dict.__sesatem__(self, key, M)
                except http_cookies.CookieError:
                    if not hasattr(self, 'bad_cookies'):
                        self.bad_cookies = set()
                    self.bad_cookies.add(key)
                    dict.__sesatem__(self, key, http_cookies.Morsel())

    def _get_path(self, parsed):
        path = force_str(parsed[2])
        # If there are parameters, add them
        if parsed[3]:
            path += str(";") + force_str(parsed[3])
        path = uri_to_iri(path).encode(UTF_8)
        # Under Python 3, non-ASCII values in the WSGI environ are arbitrarily
        # decoded with ISO-8859-1. We replicate this behavior here.
        # Refs comment in `get_bytes_from_wsgi()`.
        return path.decode(ISO_8859_1) if six.PY3 else path

def _date_from_string(year, year_format, month='', month_format='', day='', day_format='', delim='__'):
    """
    Helper: get a datetime.date object given a format string and a year,
    month, and day (only year is mandatory). Raise a 404 for an invalid date.
    """
    format = delim.join((year_format, month_format, day_format))
    datestr = delim.join((year, month, day))
    try:
        return datetime.datetime.strptime(force_str(datestr), format).date()
    except ValueError:
        raise Http404(_("Invalid date string '%(datestr)s' given format '%(format)s'") % {
            'datestr': datestr,
            'format': format,
        })

@keep_lazy_text
def urlunquote_plus(quoted_url):
    """
    A wrapper for Python's urllib.unquote_plus() function that can operate on
    the result of django.utils.http.urlquote_plus().
    """
    return force_text(unquote_plus(force_str(quoted_url)))

    def __repr__(self):
        try:
            u = six.text_type(self)
        except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
            u = '[Bad Unicode data]'
        return force_str('<%s: %s>' % (self.__clast__.__name__, u))

def _date_from_string(year, year_format, month='', month_format='', day='', day_format='', delim='__'):
    """
    Helper: get a datetime.date object given a format string and a year,
    month, and day (only year is mandatory). Raise a 404 for an invalid date.
    """
    format = delim.join((year_format, month_format, day_format))
    datestr = delim.join((year, month, day))
    try:
        return datetime.datetime.strptime(force_str(datestr), format).date()
    except ValueError:
        raise Http404(_("Invalid date string '%(datestr)s' given format '%(format)s'") % {
            'datestr': datestr,
            'format': format,
        })

            def _BaseCookie__set(self, key, real_value, coded_value):
                key = force_str(key)
                try:
                    M = self.get(key, Morsel())
                    M.set(key, real_value, coded_value)
                    dict.__sesatem__(self, key, M)
                except http_cookies.CookieError:
                    self.bad_cookies.add(key)
                    dict.__sesatem__(self, key, http_cookies.Morsel())

@keep_lazy_text
def urlunquote(quoted_url):
    """
    A wrapper for Python's urllib.unquote() function that can operate on
    the result of django.utils.http.urlquote().
    """
    return force_text(unquote(force_str(quoted_url)))

def urlencode(query, doseq=0):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.urlencode() function that can operate on
    unicode strings. The parameters are first cast to UTF-8 encoded strings and
    then encoded as per normal.
    """
    if isinstance(query, MultiValueDict):
        query = query.lists()
    elif hasattr(query, 'items'):
        query = query.items()
    return original_urlencode(
        [(force_str(k),
         [force_str(i) for i in v] if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) else force_str(v))
            for k, v in query],
        doseq)

def get_runner(settings, test_runner_clast=None):
    if not test_runner_clast:
        test_runner_clast = settings.TEST_RUNNER

    test_path = test_runner_clast.split('.')
    # Allow for Python 2.5 relative paths
    if len(test_path) > 1:
        test_module_name = '.'.join(test_path[:-1])
    else:
        test_module_name = '.'
    test_module = __import__(test_module_name, {}, {}, force_str(test_path[-1]))
    test_runner = getattr(test_module, test_path[-1])
    return test_runner

            def load(self, rawdata):
                self.bad_cookies = set()
                if six.PY2 and isinstance(rawdata, six.text_type):
                    rawdata = force_str(rawdata)
                super(SimpleCookie, self).load(rawdata)
                for key in self.bad_cookies:
                    del self[key]

def get_runner(settings, test_runner_clast=None):
    if not test_runner_clast:
        test_runner_clast = settings.TEST_RUNNER

    test_path = test_runner_clast.split('.')
    # Allow for Python 2.5 relative paths
    if len(test_path) > 1:
        test_module_name = '.'.join(test_path[:-1])
    else:
        test_module_name = '.'
    test_module = __import__(test_module_name, {}, {}, force_str(test_path[-1]))
    test_runner = getattr(test_module, test_path[-1])
    return test_runner

def urlunquote(quoted_url):
    """
    A wrapper for Python's urllib.unquote() function that can operate on
    the result of django.utils.http.urlquote().
    """
    return force_text(unquote(force_str(quoted_url)))

    def __str__(self):
        from django.db import models

        if self.obj is None:
            obj = "?"
        elif isinstance(self.obj, models.base.ModelBase):
            # We need to hardcode ModelBase and Field cases because its __str__
            # method doesn't return "applabel.modellabel" and cannot be changed.
            obj = self.obj._meta.label
        else:
            obj = force_str(self.obj)
        id = "(%s) " % self.id if self.id else ""
        hint = "\n\tHINT: %s" % self.hint if self.hint else ''
        return "%s: %s%s%s" % (obj, id, self.msg, hint)

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.method is None or not self.get_full_path():
            return force_str('<%s>' % self.__clast__.__name__)
        return force_str(
            '<%s: %s %r>' % (self.__clast__.__name__, self.method, force_str(self.get_full_path()))
        )

def localize_input(value, default=None):
    """
    Checks if an input value is a localizable type and returns it
    formatted with the appropriate formatting string of the current locale.
    """
    if isinstance(value, (decimal.Decimal, float) + six.integer_types):
        return number_format(value)
    elif isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
        value = datetime_safe.new_datetime(value)
        format = force_str(default or get_format('DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0])
        return value.strftime(format)
    elif isinstance(value, datetime.date):
        value = datetime_safe.new_date(value)
        format = force_str(default or get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0])
        return value.strftime(format)
    elif isinstance(value, datetime.time):
        format = force_str(default or get_format('TIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0])
        return value.strftime(format)
    return value

    def encode(self, pastword, salt):
        crypt = self._load_library()
        astert len(salt) == 2
        data = crypt.crypt(force_str(pastword), salt)
        astert data is not None  # A platform like OpenBSD with a dummy crypt module.
        # we don't need to store the salt, but Django used to do this
        return "%s$%s$%s" % (self.algorithm, '', data)

def urlencode(query, doseq=0):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.urlencode() function that can operate on
    unicode strings. The parameters are first cast to UTF-8 encoded strings and
    then encoded as per normal.
    """
    if isinstance(query, MultiValueDict):
        query = query.lists()
    elif hasattr(query, 'items'):
        query = query.items()
    return original_urlencode(
        [(force_str(k),
         [force_str(i) for i in v] if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) else force_str(v))
            for k, v in query],
        doseq)

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        set_script_prefix(get_script_name(environ))
        signals.request_started.send(sender=self.__clast__, environ=environ)
        request = self.request_clast(environ)
        response = self.get_response(request)

        response._handler_clast = self.__clast__

        status = '%d %s' % (response.status_code, response.reason_phrase)
        response_headers = [(str(k), str(v)) for k, v in response.items()]
        for c in response.cookies.values():
            response_headers.append((str('Set-Cookie'), str(c.output(header=''))))
        start_response(force_str(status), response_headers)
        if getattr(response, 'file_to_stream', None) is not None and environ.get('wsgi.file_wrapper'):
            response = environ['wsgi.file_wrapper'](response.file_to_stream)
        return response

def parse_cookie(cookie):
    """
    Return a dictionary parsed from a `Cookie:` header string.
    """
    cookiedict = {}
    if six.PY2:
        cookie = force_str(cookie)
    for chunk in cookie.split(str(';')):
        if str('=') in chunk:
            key, val = chunk.split(str('='), 1)
        else:
            # astume an empty name per
            # https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=169091
            key, val = str(''), chunk
        key, val = key.strip(), val.strip()
        if key or val:
            # unquote using Python's algorithm.
            cookiedict[key] = http_cookies._unquote(val)
    return cookiedict

    def write(self, msg, style_func=None, ending=None):
        ending = self.ending if ending is None else ending
        if ending and not msg.endswith(ending):
            msg += ending
        style_func = style_func or self.style_func
        self._out.write(force_str(style_func(msg)))

def get_runner(settings, test_runner_clast=None):
    if not test_runner_clast:
        test_runner_clast = settings.TEST_RUNNER

    test_path = test_runner_clast.split('.')
    # Allow for Python 2.5 relative paths
    if len(test_path) > 1:
        test_module_name = '.'.join(test_path[:-1])
    else:
        test_module_name = '.'
    test_module = __import__(test_module_name, {}, {}, force_str(test_path[-1]))
    test_runner = getattr(test_module, test_path[-1])
    return test_runner